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桌面操作系统与RTOS相比，另一个差别就是对于稳定性、可靠性方面的设计思路。一方面，桌面操作系统比较庞大、复杂，而RTOS比较小巧、简捷，而“越简单、越可靠，越复杂、故障概率越大”这又是一个常理。另一方面，更重要的是：桌面操作环境与嵌入式环境在设计思路上有一个重大的不同——桌面环境定应用软件与操作系统相比而言可以是不可靠的，而嵌入式环境定应用软件与操作系统一样可靠。
运行于嵌入式环境中的RTOS要求应用软件具有与操作系统同样的可靠性，这种设计思路对应用开发人员提出了更高的要求，同时也要求操作系统自身足够开放。
的“木桶原理”告诉我们，局部的不足会导致整体的缺陷。要保系统的可靠性，必须保系统中每一个部分都是可靠的，任何部分的不可靠都会导致系统整体的不可靠。大多数桌面系统都是上千万行代码的庞大而复杂的系统，即使有源代码程序员也难以把握。而且对开发人员来说，桌面系统庞杂的细节是隐蔽在一个个的固定的接口下的，是一个黑箱，很难把握具体执行的线索。即便其内核是足够可靠的，但它的应用环境复杂多样、千差万别，其中常常有一些应用并不是那么稳定可靠，从而破坏了整体系统的可靠性。相反，RTOS对软件开发来说是完全开放的，是一个白箱，允许开发人员清楚地了解和掌握操作系统内部情况，对存储器中的每一位和每一个I/O接口进行操作控制，从而可以设计出稳定的应用软件。
可编程控制器（PRORAMMABLE CONTROLLER，简称PC）。与个人计算机的PC相区别，用PLC表示。
PLC是在传统的顺序控制器的基础上引入了微电子技术、计算机技术、自动控制技术和通讯技术而形成的一代新型工业控制装置，目的是用来取代继电器、执行逻辑、记时、计数等顺序控制功能，建立柔性的程控系统。国际电工**（IEC）颁布了对PLC的规定：可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境下应用而设计。它采用可编程序的存贮器，用来在其内部存贮执行逻辑运算、顺序控制、定时、计数和算术运算等操作的指令，并通过数字的、模拟的输入和输出，控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程序控制器及其有关设备，都应按易于与工业控制系统形成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的原则设计。
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